Thor: Love And Thunder promises a fun adventure that spans space and perhaps time. Trailers for the movie reveal that the story takes Thor, Jane Foster, and others to various realms. These realms correspond to major cosmic locations from Marvel Comics, including the planet Centauri-IV and potentially a place called Omnipotent City.
The battle against Gorr the God Butcher took Thor across the universe in the 2013 comic book storyline by writer Jason Aaron and artist Esad Ribić and the same is likely true in the movie. With Gorr carrying out a bloody vendetta against all gods, numerous realms may appear, including the homes to the Heliopolis pantheon as well as the Greek Olympian one.

New Asgard plays a major role in the movie based on the trailers. With the original Asgard destroyed, the survivors make a new beginning on Earth. But the movie may complete the Ragnarok cycle in the Thor movies by establishing a new Asgardian realm, perhaps set in a realm vacated by gods that Gorr the God Butcher has killed in the movie.
Asgard ranks among the most significant cosmic locations in the comics and the MCU. In the comics, Asgard returns after being destroyed and relocated to Earth, something that likely occurs in the movie if it does represent the end of Thor's journey on screen as Chris Hemsworth himself has hinted.

Zeus and several Olympian figures appear in the trailer, signaling the movie likely visits Olympus. This cosmic location exists much like Asgard does, in another realm outside space and time. There, Zeus rules over the other gods and Earth. Humans accessed this pocket dimension from a temple atop Mount Olympus.
Zeus appears in a locale that could be Olympus, reflecting a vague ancient Greek architectural style. Other characters near him in the trailer wear togas and other garb that suggest Greek fashion, though there could be other possibilities for where the scene is set.

Moon Knight featured the avatars of the Heliopoloitian gods from ancient Egypt like Isis and Osiris. The avatar for Bast also appeared and she has appeared in promotional images for Thor: Love and Thunder. That at least opens the door to the movie visiting the Celestial Heliopolis. the dimension the Egyptian gods retreated to.
In Marvel Comics, the Ennead lived on Earth until leaving for this dimension in the past. A golden bridge called the Path of the Gods leads to the dimension and is likely how Gorr the God Butcher gets in if he goes after the Ennead in the movie.

Otherworld plays a major part in the lore of Captain Britain in Marvel Comics and by extension the X-Men and related teams like Excalibur. Otherworld exists outside space and time, home to beings from Arthurian legends like Merlyn, and possibly appears in the movie if Thor visits the realms of other gods.
Otherworld connects directly to the multiverse as well. The Captain Britain Corps protects and defends the multiverse, founded by Merlyn to defend against the threats the MCU now faces, like Kang The Conqueror.

The trailer appears to show Thor and Korg returning to Sakaar. This key cosmic location played a pivotal role in Thor: Ragnarok and in Marvel Comics as well. Comic book fans know the Illuminati exiled Hulk to space after he rampaged through Las Vegas. He ended up on Sakaar, becoming a gladiatorial fighter and eventually ruler.
The movie likely returns to the planet to look in on The Grandmaster, played by Jeff Goldblum, and perhaps to marshall reinforcements for the fight against Gorr, possibly including Beta Ray Bill.

Comic book fans know Gorr the God Butcher wields a weapon called the Necro Sword. Its forger, Knull, cut the head off a Celestial and that floating head became Knowhere. That connection makes it likely that Knowhere returns to the MCU. This fascinating if unsettling locale has already been featured in a few movies, including the original 2014 Guardians of the Galaxy movie.
Knull reforged the sword within Knowhere early in the universe, refining it until it became the potent god-killing weapon Gorr wields in the comics and now in the MCU.

The trailers feature Gorr on a moon-like planet, possibly Earth's moon. Other shots hint at this possibly being the case. The Mighty Thor enters a tomb featuring statues of several powerful Marvel cosmic beings, including The Watcher. The Watcher typically observes events on Earth from the moon.
The Inhumans also reside in the Blue Area of the Moon, and with Black Bolt appearing in Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness, there is at least a chance the Inhuman city of Attilan appears in the movie.

The planet Centauri-IV likely figures in the upcoming movie. Thor is seen with the Guardians of the Galaxy on a planet inhabited by blue-skinned beings similar to Yondu, among the most powerful Guardians of the Galaxy in the comics. This planet has two suns, which corresponds to its being in the Alpha Centauri star system.
If Centauri-IV does appear in the movie, it potentially links up with an intriguing fact from the Eternals movie. Thena remembered the Eternals destroying a planet called Centauri-VI in the past. If this planet existed in the same star system as Centauri-IV, it could explain where Gorr comes from and why this system features so prominently.

The Thor: Love and Thunder trailer reveals what appears to be Olympus thanks to Zeus' presence, but there is another cosmic location it could be. The presence of Bast in the Olympian scene hints it may be Omnipotence City, a parliamentary assembly of various pantheons. This incredible location first appears in Thor: God of Thunder #3.
In the comic, Thor discovers this ancient ur-pantheon deserted and somewhat in ruins. This leads him on a journey to discover what happened to its gods and the realization that Gorr the God Butcher hunts and kills them, as he does in the movie. Gorr possibly attacks Omnipotence City in the movie as the major gods congregate there.